综述:2023,台湾民众须“优先保饭碗”的一年******
中新社北京1月9日电 (记者 刘舒凌)新年伊始,台湾财经界弥漫一股“低气压”。不少中小企业已冻结人力招聘,失业率恶化或于农历春节后进一步显现,“不要轻易辞职”“不要贸然理财”是民众时常听到的忠告。
也就是说,2023是应当“优先保饭碗”的一年。
过去的三年,台湾经济在新冠疫情影响下仍保持增长。台当局“主计总处”数据显示,2020年、2021年GDP增速分别为3.36%、6.57%,据最近一次预测,2022年增速为3.06%。多数观点认为,作为国际市场上少数能维持正常生产供货的地区,外贸活络尤其庞大的电子消费品需求拉抬了台湾近三年的总体经济表现,一扫多年“保二”(确保增长率不低于2%)的疲态。
只是,2022年第四季以来,受通胀压力笼罩、全球主要央行持续紧缩等因素夹击,国际需求降温,令该季商品出口预计较2021年同期减少3.89%,台湾经济情势正急转直下。
台湾一般被称作出口导向型经济体,出口占整体GDP比重达六成以上。期望新的一年以潜力较有限的内需增长抵挡出口衰退、支撑整体经济,显然难度太大。况且,台湾“中央大学”台湾经济发展研究中心执行的台湾消费者信心指数(CCI)调查显示,去年12月份,该指数已连续第4个月下滑(降至59.12),为2009年10月以来新低。
该中心执行长吴大任对外表示,台湾出口正在衰退,相关制造业企业经营压力大,裁员已经开始;春节后订单若未回温,失业率有可能出现恶化。台湾当局“发展委员会”去年12月27日发布的11月景气灯号,也从“景气趋弱”的黄蓝灯转为“景气低迷”的蓝灯,综合分数为2009年5月以来新低。
目前看,对于国际经济情势调整的冲击力度与持续时间,台当局及民间企业显然估计不足。高科技产业如半导体行业去年年中进入下行周期,库存周转天数保持在高位,芯片价格下滑,“龙头”台积电也未能幸免、今年第一季营收将季减15%,行业库存调整或持续至今年下半年。传统制造业方面,拥有“捷安特”品牌的全球自行车“龙头”台湾巨大集团库存“爆仓”,去年12月中旬一纸展延支付供应商货款的公告震动市场,让公众注意到“绩优生”面对市场快速紧缩的窘况。
尤其引发焦虑的是,台产业结构多为垂直分工,供应链中的厂商彼此交易非常频繁,如有一两家爆发严重财务危机,会在其他厂商之中产生连锁反应,有可能转成系统性金融问题。
景气循环何时见底,会否“先蹲后跳”,于2023年下半年迎来春暖花开?这是当前台湾财经界讨论最多的问题,官方亦不得不出面稳定市场信心。台当局财政主管部门代理负责人阮清华去年12月26日在台立法机构答询时已表达,台官方金融安定基金(该基金管委会为维持金融市场稳定的专责机构)进场时间“不排除两年”,主因是经济情势比2009年(金融海啸)时更严重,可能持续时间更长,不确定因素较多。
近来,岛内经济专家、学者在官方、民间各种研讨场合里,关注点集中于近159万家企业及920万劳工(占全台湾就业80.4%)在当前低成长高成本环境下的困境。最新数据显示,去年11月全台外销接单衰退逾23%、第四季度为全年最低点。
多位专家呼吁,台湾仍有举债空间,当局应优先将财政预算投向中小企业及从业员工等弱势群体,提供一些补助,纾解财务、利息方面负担。衰退危险当前,救经济“急如星火”,台当局如何应对值得观察。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |